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二极管分为很多类型。按结构分类,可将二极管分为pn结二极管以及称为肖特基势垒二极管(SBD)的金属半导体结二极管。东芝将二极管分为以下几类。
pn结二极管进一步分为通常用于正向的整流二极管和开关二极管,以及专门利用反向击穿电压的齐纳(恒压)二极管和ESD保护(TVS)二极管。
此外,根据应用匹配pn结二极管工艺,对pn结二极管进行进一步的细分。例如,pn结二极管分为以下类型:1)快速恢复二极管(FRD),通过减少反向恢复电荷,实现比典型整流二极管更短的反向恢复时间;2)可变电容二极管(变容二极管),利用耗尽层的电容随反向偏置电压变化的原理;3)射频开关二极管(称为PIN二极管),在p型和n型半导体之间具有未掺杂的本征(I)半导体区域,以增加耗尽区的宽度,从而降低电容。
SBD具有低正向电压(VF),并且由于其为单极器件,因此基本上没有反向恢复电荷。
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