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下载“第Ⅴ章:光半导体” (PDF:1.8MB)
LED发射不同波长的紫外光乃至红外光。发射波长将通过下面采用化合物半导体材料能隙(Eg)的等式进行表示。
λ(nm)=1240/Eg(eV)
具有较大能隙的材料发射较短的波长,具有较小能隙的材料发射较长的波长。
对于应用于电视遥控器等的红外LED,使用GaAs(砷化镓)材料;对于红色/绿色指示器LED,使用GaP(磷化镓)或InGaAlP(磷化铝镓铟);对于蓝色LED,使用InGaN(氮化铟镓)或GaN(氮化镓)。
材料 | 能隙Eg @300K(eV) |
波长(λ) | 彩色 |
---|---|---|---|
GaAs | 1.4 | 885nm | 红外线 |
GaP | 1.8至2.26 | 549至700nm | 绿色至红色 |
InGaAlP | 1.9至2.3 | 539至653nm | 绿色至红色 |
InGaN | 2.1至3.2 | 388至590nm | 紫外线至绿色 |
GaN | 3.4 | 365nm | 紫外线至蓝色 |