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VR的反向偏置会导致扩散电位因VR而增加。虽然电子是n型半导体中的多数载流子和p型半导体中的少数载流子,但p型半导体的电子密度变得高于扩散势垒上方的n型半导体,即VD + VR(相对于无偏置和正向偏置的状态)。因此,作为p型半导体中的少数载流子的电子扩散至n型半导体中。反向偏置下发生的少数载流子扩散量远远小于正向偏置下发生的少数载流子扩散量。然而,在反向偏置下,电子被注入到p型半导体中以补偿扩散,而空穴被注入(即,电子被抽离)n型半导体。因此,反向偏置下电流的流动方向与正向偏置下的方向相反。由于少数载流子扩散,反向电流非常低。