This webpage doesn't work with Internet Explorer. Please use the latest version of Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox or Safari.
请输入3个以上字符
The information presented in this cross reference is based on TOSHIBA's selection criteria and should be treated as a suggestion only. Please carefully review the latest versions of all relevant information on the TOSHIBA products, including without limitation data sheets and validate all operating parameters of the TOSHIBA products to ensure that the suggested TOSHIBA products are truly compatible with your design and application.
Please note that this cross reference is based on TOSHIBA's estimate of compatibility with other manufacturers' products, based on other manufacturers' published data, at the time the data was collected.
TOSHIBA is not responsible for any incorrect or incomplete information. Information is subject to change at any time without notice.
请输入3个以上字符
如图2-3所示,运算放大器的开环增益(GV)频率特性与一阶RC 低通滤波器的频率特性相同。在高于转角频率(即fC;在此频率下,开环增益比直流增益低3dB)的频率下,开环增益以每倍频程6dB(每十倍为20dB)的速率下降。在此频率范围内,当频率加倍时,运算放大器的分贝开环增益(GV)会减小6dB(即线性开环增益(AV)减半)。故:
fc×AV=常量
增益等于1(0dB)的频率称为单位增益交叉频率(fT)。因此,上述等式可重新表述为以下等式。这称为增益带宽积(简称为GBWP、GBW、GBP或GB)。
fc×AV=fT
请注意,此等式在开环增益会以每倍频程6dB的速率下降的频率范围内成立。
现在,我们来看下将频率为2±1kHz的输入信号施加于具有图2-3所示频率特性的运算放大器时会发生什么情况。这种条件下的运算放大器,3kHz的增益比1kHz的增益约低10dB。这种情况下通常不能使用运算放大器。负反馈解决了此问题。
输入端(Vin)与输出端(Vout)具有以下关系。这种关系称为闭环增益(用dB标度表示为GCL,用线性标度表示为ACL)。20log规则用于将线性电压增益转换为分贝电压增益:G=20×log A。
Vout/Vin=ACL=AV/(1+AV×B)
=1/{B(1 + 1/AV×B)}
其中,AV表示放大器的开环增益,B表示反馈系数。(AV×B)称为环路增益。分母(1+AV×B)称为反馈量。在负反馈情况下,AV× B<0。运算放大器的AV非常高。故|AV×B| >>1。因此,反馈量的计算公式为(1+AV×B)≈AV×B(环路增益)。故可将上述等式简化为以下等式:
Vout/Vin=ACL=1/B
图2-5显示了这种关系。运算放大器的带宽为fC。通过负反馈,其闭环带宽扩展至fCL。根据下列增益带宽积公式计算出fCL:
fCL=fT/ACL
当闭环增益(GCL)或带宽(fCL)不足时,需选择fT较高的运算放大器。