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双极晶体管(双极结型晶体管:BJT)可通过施加至基极的电流来控制集电极电流。通常,集电极电流为基极电流乘以直流电流增益(hFE)*。正是这种增益使双极晶体管可用作放大器。鉴于双极型晶体管在饱和区和截止区中的特性,双极晶体管也用作开关。
*hFE随集电极-发射极电压而变化,具体取决于外部电路。
关于hFE的说明,另见常见问题(FAQ):“双极晶体管的基极-发射极与集电极-发射极电压之间有何关系?”