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稳压二极管（齐纳二极管）
下载“第Ⅱ章：二极管” (PDF:895KB)
稳压二极管利用了pn结的反向特性。当提高pn结二极管的反向电压时，大电流在一定的电压下开始流动，并得到恒定的电压。（这种现象称为击穿，其电压称为击穿电压。）
稳压二极管积极利用了这一特性。由于这种击穿电压也被称为齐纳电压，所以稳压二极管也被称为齐纳二极管。该电压可用作恒压电源或电子电路的参考电压。
（注：一般情况下，当电压小于或等于6V时，会观察到齐纳现象。如果电压超过6V，雪崩现象将超过齐纳现象成为主导。齐纳电压和雪崩电压具有不同的温度特性，前者的温度系数为负，后者的温度系数为正。）
