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IGBT是一种功率晶体管,由于在MOSFET的漏极侧形成了P层,因此以双极模式工作。IGBT使用一种称为电导率调制的现象,当从该P区注入空穴时,导通时高电阻N漂移层的电阻率会降低。
由于电导率调制,可降低导通电压,但是IGBT关断时需从N漂移层中去除少数载流子。
当IGBT开始关断时,少数载流子被清出到外部电路。当IGBT的集电极-发射极电压(VCE)上升至一定水平时(即在耗尽区扩大后),少数载流子会产生内部复合电流。此电流称为拖尾电流。由于拖尾电流是施加了高VCE电压的集电极电流,因此它是造成开关损耗的重要因素之一。
为减少拖尾电流从而减少开关损耗,原则上IGBT可以减少:1)少数载流子的寿命;及2)从集电极注入空穴量。但这两种技术都会导致导通电压升高。因此,IGBT的设计应根据其预期应用在这些特性之间实现最佳平衡。