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The information presented in this cross reference is based on TOSHIBA's selection criteria and should be treated as a suggestion only. Please carefully review the latest versions of all relevant information on the TOSHIBA products, including without limitation data sheets and validate all operating parameters of the TOSHIBA products to ensure that the suggested TOSHIBA products are truly compatible with your design and application.
Please note that this cross reference is based on TOSHIBA's estimate of compatibility with other manufacturers' products, based on other manufacturers' published data, at the time the data was collected.
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晶体管主要分为三类:双极晶体管、MOSFET和IGBT。下表比较了这些晶体管的性能和特性。由于需要驱动电路和保护电路以及缓慢的开关速度,双极晶体管现在几乎从未用于电力电子和开关应用。取而代之的是,根据所需特性有选择地使用MOSFET和IGBT。旁边给出的图显示了30A IGBT和31A超级结型MOSFET(SJMOS)的导通电压特性。
在低电流区域中,MOSFET的导通电压低于IGBT。但在高电流区域中,IGBT的导通电压则低于MOSFET,特别是在高温条件下。IGBT通常以低于20kHz的开关频率使用,因为其开关损耗大于单极MOSFET。
不同类型晶体管的性能比较
类型 | 双极晶体管 | MOSFET | IGBT |
---|---|---|---|
栅极(基极)驱动 | 电流驱动 (低输入阻抗) |
电压驱动 (高输入阻抗) |
电压驱动 (高输入阻抗) |
栅极(基极)驱动电路 | 复杂的开关应用 | 相对比较简单 | 相对比较简单 |
导通电压特性 | 低VCE(sat) | 导通电阻×漏极电流 无内置电压(*1) |
低VCE(sat) 有内置电压(*1) |
开关时间 | 慢 (载流子积累效应) |
超高速 (单极器件) |
高速 (速度高于双极晶体管,但低于MOSFET) |
寄生二极管 | 不存在 | 存在(体二极管) | 仅存在于RC-IGBT中 |
(*1)内置电压是器件固有的阈值电压。这里的内置电压是指正向阈值电压。