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开尔文(Kelvin)连接是一种高度准确测量电阻、电压等参数的四线连接法。对于TO-247-4L等4引脚封装MOSFET来说,使用这种方法,可施加栅源电压VGS,而不受导线电阻和电感的影响。
测量未知阻值的电阻R时,可使用电源输入电流I,然后测量电压求出电阻,如图1所示。此时,如果导线较长,测量精度会因导线电阻而下降。
这种情况下,如图2所示,将测量路径与电流路径分离,即使测量路径中存在导线电阻r',电流也不会流入测量路径。因此,可以高精度测量电阻器两端的电压,从而实现高精度电阻R测量。
MOSFET是一种栅源压控器件。当漏极电流较大时,栅极和源极两端施加电压会出现图1所示相同现象。特别是,MOSFET导通/关断期间,漏极电流显著变化,由布线电感引起电压变化加大无法忽略。
以图3电路为例。栅极电压VGS从外部施加在栅极和接地(GND)端子两端。
由于导通和关断期间流经这些电感的电流(dID/dt)发生变化,源极电压VLS 相对于GND的电压为VLS=(Lb+LW)×dID/dt,这极大地影响了 开关特性。
如图4电路所示,当漏极电流ID 传输路径和作为控制信号的栅源电压VGS传输路径分离时,VGS可以降低ID的影响。
以下文档也包含相关信息。