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IC的数据输入端增设一个总线保持电路。总线保持电路由反馈环路中的两个反相器组成,只要输入引脚处于开路(即悬空)状态,总线保持电路就会将输入引脚的状态保持在其最后的已知状态。
下图显示了总线保持电路的等效电路。
在通用逻辑电路情况下,如果未使用的输入引脚保持开路或悬空状态,则其会呈现高阻态。通常,可通过连接外部上拉或下拉电阻防止出现这种情况,因为高阻态会导致输入电容逐渐被漏电流充电,最终同时导通P沟道和N沟道MOSFET,从而导致意外电流或异常振荡。
相反,总线保持电路采用连接到输入端的一个弱反馈门来保持最后的输入状态,直至下次改变状态。
因此,具有总线保持电路的IC无需外部上拉和下拉电阻。
总线保持电路有两个电气特性:1)总线保持输入最小驱动保持电流(II (HOLD) ),规定总线保持电路可提供给器件或总线的最小电流;及2)总线保持输入过驱动电流以改变状态(II (OD) ),规定改变总线保持电路状态所需的最小过驱动电流。下面给出了数据表(表1)中所示的总线保持特性示例。
以下文档也包含相关信息。