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变容二极管是利用向PN结施加反向电压时产生的耗尽层电容特性的一种产品。耗尽层用作电极之间的间隙。随着耗尽层根据施加的电压发生变化,容量相应变化。
可变电容二极管是一种pn结二极管。与典型的pn结二极管不同,可变电容二极管用于pn结反向偏置但未进入击穿状态的区域。
对于pn结二极管,在pn结周围形成耗尽区,如以下能带图所示(图2)。在pn结二极管中,在pn结周围形成耗尽区,如以下能带图(图2)所示。由于移动载流子的耗尽,耗尽区具有像绝缘体一样的高电阻。在这种状态下,耗尽区的特性就像一个电容器。耗尽区与反向电压成比例地变宽。
可变电容二极管专门利用耗尽区的这种与电压相关的电容。
可用以下方程式表示电容:
C=K x ( VR + Φ )-n
K:取决于掺杂剂浓度、结面积等因素的器件特定常数。
Φ:扩散电位
有几种类型的pn结,包括线性渐变结、突变结和超突变结。上式中的变量n取决于结的类型。对于线性渐变结、突变结和超突变结,n分别为1/3、1/2或1或更大。电容的变化率随着n值的增加而增加。典型的pn结二极管(例如,开关二极管)具有倾斜结,而可变电容二极管具有突变结或超突变结。
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