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在上一节中,我们讨论了跨pn结的扩散电势。
您现在便能了解,费米能级是pn结的参考能级。
对于金属半导体结,金属与半导体连接在一起,因此其费米能级在无外部偏置的情况下保持一致。虽然费米能级用作pn结的扩散电势(势垒电势)的参考点,但对于金属-半导体结,功函数用作参考点。如下文所述,金属半导体结的特性取决于金属的功函数是大于还是小于半导体的功函数。
这里使用以下一些术语:
当具有功函数Φn的n型半导体与具有功函数Φm的金属连接在一起时,金属-半导体结的特性取决于Φn与Φm之差。当Φm > Φn时,形成肖特基结,而当Φm < Φn时,形成欧姆结。半导体的功函数为费米能级减去真空能级。