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双极晶体管的开关速度定义如图1所示。
BRT导通需经过上升时间(tr),而BRT关断则需经过存储时间(tstg)和下降时间(tf)的总和。表1显示了这些BRT特性的测量结果示例。
在VCC=5V条件下测量,将输入电压从0V切换至5V,反之亦然。负载电阻为1kΩ。
类型 | R1 | R2 | tr(ns) | tstg(μs) | tf(μs) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RN1401 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 38 | 1.89 | 0.11 |
RN1402 | 10 | 10 | 60 | 2.25 | 0.13 |
RN1403 | 22 | 22 | 118 | 2.41 | 0.21 |
BRT主要用作开关,在导通状态下处于饱和区。因此,存储时间(tstg;即从基极去除少数载流子所需的时间)占开关时间的主要部分。
缩短tstg有两个注意事项:
a)快速去除多余载流子
尽管载流子去除路径略有不同,但主要通过R2去除积聚在基极中的多余载流子,具体取决于前级电路的配置。(如果前级电路的输出在低电平时具有低阻抗,则也可通过R1去除多余载流子)。因此,R2值较低的BRT适用于提高开关速度。
b)尽量避免多余载流子积聚。
这意味着BRT导通时,其饱和深度会降低。为尽量避免多余载流子积聚,必须减小施加至内部晶体管基极的电流(Ib)。可通过以下方法实现此目的:1)降低BRT的输入电流(IB);及2)降低内部晶体管的基极电流(即增加流向R2的电流)。因此,具有大R1值和大电阻比(R1/R2)的BRT比较适合。但请注意一点,尽量避免多余载流子积聚可能会降低饱和深度,从而导致VCE(sat)增大。