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本节说明系统设计使用LDO稳压器的注意事项。
LDO稳压器反向偏置条件(即输出电压高于输入电压)
如果LDO稳压器输出电压高于输入电压,则电流从输出引脚反向流向输入引脚。这种反向偏置情况会影响或损坏LDO稳压器。如果可能出现这种情况,请在VIN 和VOUT引脚之间连接旁路二极管,如图1所示,或在电源和VIN引脚之间加反向电流阻断二极管,如图2所示。
使用反向电流阻断二极管时,应注意二极管正向电压(VF)产生的压降,以确保LDO稳压器在输入电压范围内正常工作。应选择具有正向电压(VF)和漏电流(IR)较低的二极管,同时考虑反向偏置电压(VR)和正向电流(IF)的降额。
使用陶瓷电容器平滑输出电压
陶瓷电容器是LDO稳压器的理想选择,因为小型陶瓷电容器可与大型电容器和小型等效串联电阻(ESR)结合使用。不过,陶瓷电容器的容值取决于电压和温度,如下所示。特别是,输出电容的容值会极大地影响LDO稳压器负反馈运行。一定要考虑电压和温度进行系统全面评估。
以下链接也介绍使用陶瓷电容平滑输出电压的注意事项:
应用说明:Basics of Low-Dropout (LDO) Regulator ICs
应用说明:Mechanism of LDO Oscillation and Reducing the Susceptibility to Oscillation