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差分放大器主要用于抑制噪声。
噪声由典型的差分噪声和共模噪声组成,其中后者可以用运算放大器轻松抑制。
产生共模噪声的主要原因有两个:
无论在上述哪种情况下,作为电路基准值的接地电位都会因噪声而波动。使用典型滤波器很难消除共模噪声。差分放大器可用于抑制共模噪声。
运算放大器是差分放大器主体电路。下面显示的符号表示差分放大器。它有两个输入:VIN(+)和VIN(-)。输出电压等于两个输入端之间的电压差乘以放大器的增益(AV):
VOUT=AV{VIN(+)-VIN(-)}
假设共模噪声(vnoise)叠加在差分输入端。则,
VIN(+)‘=VIN(+)+Vnoise
VIN(-)‘=VIN(-)+Vnoise
因此,输出表示如下。这表明差分放大器消除了共模噪声:
VOUT=AV[{VIN(+)+Vnoise}-{VIN(-)+Vnoise}]
=AV{VIN(+)-VIN(-)}
共模抑制比(CMRR)被视为运算放大器的电气特性之一.
另请参阅有关运算放大器的应用说明:
应用说明链接